Assistant Instructor Bilal Muayad Abdul Raheem

Upper Euphrates Basin Developing Centre / University of Anbar

Climate change is a state of comprehensive change of climatic elements and this applies to weather phenomena, because most of them are resulting from changes that occur in the first and the state of climate change can only be diagnosed through a study of those elements over a long period of time of not less than thirty years, after the development that occurred in the use of weather stations and data analysis, it became somewhat possible to know the direction of the flow of climatic elements by relying on temporal and spatial comparison using the base year and comparison or the climatic series.

The world has become suffering from the problem of climate change, which has become the focus of attention of researchers because of its impact on the environment and activities in various fields, resulting from human activities that led to the generation of gases and resulted in global warming, and that changes are mainly in the rates of temperature and rain, as well as humidity, drought and water levels in the seas as a result of the impact of temperatures on evaporation and melting ice, in addition to weather phenomena, the most important of which are: Dust storms as a result of the lack of plants, the most important signs of climate change are the great difference in temperatures from what they were in the past, heat waves and cold waves, as heat waves in the eighties of the last century reached (3-5) heat wave in the summer, while in these years it exceeds (8) heat wave in the summer, as well as the noticeable rise in temperatures from their normal rates or used to them previously, and the same applies to cold waves.

Agricultural crops require a suitable climate for the purpose of germinating the crop and in the process of growth and even fruit ripening, as each crop requires a certain amount of solar radiation (actual and theoretical), so Egypt succeeds in growing cotton, as well as thermal requirements described as ideal for the plant and the minimum and highest that the plant bears (the general average temperature, the collected temperature, the minimum, the maximum), as well as the amount of water (rain, river water), this was reflected in the cultivation and growth of crops, especially field and production quantities recently, to exceed This is to change the dates of planting, where the elements of the climate have taken a gradual change, which is characterized by a rise in temperatures in the summer and that it does not decrease significantly in the winter except in a few days, which results in an increase in the amount of heat collected, which if increased from its ideal limit leads to damage to the crop and also the amount of water (rain) that has become untimely fall, as well as the pattern of precipitation, which was very sever that led to damage to crops.

Agriculture declined in many countries, for example in Iraq, agricultural activity declined on a very small scale, especially those that depend on rainwater, so the farmer resorted to relying on free irrigation in cultivation. This is one of the reasons for the scaling of agriculture as a result of increased costs, which results in a decrease in profits that prompted many to refrain from agriculture, as the percentage of agricultural land fell to half of the area that was used in crop production, and the production of agricultural crops, especially strategic, declined to a third of the total total production, except for wheat and barley, due to the dependence of these two crops on irrigation by sprinklers and that they are more able to withstand climatic conditions than other crops.

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